| it~pI ('M') |
| AMb |
aanb |
mango |
| AMgUr |
aangoor |
grapes |
| pqMg |
patung |
kite |
| KMf |
khund |
sugar |
| muMfw |
mundaa |
boy |
| bMdUk |
bundook |
rifle |
| rMbw |
runbaa |
trowel |
| suMdr |
sundar |
pretty |
| mMjw |
munjaa |
bed |
| qMdUr |
tundoor |
clay oven |
| fMfw |
dundaa |
pole / staff |
| sMqrw |
santraa |
orange |
|
|
| ibMdI ('N') |
|
| kW |
kaan |
crow |
| gW |
gaan |
cow |
| bWh |
baanh |
arm |
| kuVIAW |
kurheeaan |
girls |
| CW |
chaan |
shade |
| roNdw |
roandaa |
crying |
| icVIAW |
chirheeaan |
starlings |
| nINd |
neend |
sleepy |
| QW |
thaan |
place |
| muMdIAN |
mundian |
rings |
| cUVIAW |
choorheeaan |
bangles |
|
|
| Note that a vowel accent can not be followed
by another vowel accent, so one of the three vowel letters are placed in between as can be
seen in the plural words icVIAW and muMifAW[ |
|
| A~Dk ('~') |
| A`K |
akhkh |
eye |
| mC`r |
machchcar |
mosquito |
| iq`qr |
tittar |
partridge |
| p`Qr |
paththar |
rock |
| im`qr |
mittar |
mate / pal |
| n`k |
naak |
nose |
| l`kV |
lakkar |
wood ( not forest) |
| h`Q |
hathth |
hand |
| ik`l |
kill |
nail |
| p`t |
patt |
thigh |
| F`kx |
dhakkanh |
lid |
| k`pVy |
kapparhe |
clothes |
| f`fU |
daddoo |
frog |
| ic`TI |
chiththee |
correspondence / letter |
| n`t |
natt |
run |
| au`lU |
oulloo |
owl |
| A`g |
aagg |
fire |
| iC`l |
chill |
peel |
| inrMkwr |
nirankaar |
formless / god |
|
|
| AiBAws |
aupr ilKy SbdW nMU pVH ky, hyTw
ilKy SbdW nMU it`pI, ibMdI Aqy A`Dk nwl TIk kro.
Read the words written above then attach a Tippee, Bindee and Adhak to the words below. |
|
|
| Ab |
pqg |
kw |
bwh |
iqqr |
| lkV |
rbw |
qdr |
Qw |
hQ |
| nId |
rodw |
nt |
kpVy |
Fkx |
| Cw |
icUVIAw |
sqrw |
sudr |
|
|
| pYrI rwrw Aqy pYrI
hwhw: Pairee ' r' and Pairee ' h'. |
| pYrI rwrw |
| pRym |
prem |
love |
| kRoD |
krodh |
wrath |
| gRMQ |
granth |
scripture |
| pRxwm |
pranaam |
hello ( respect) |
| pRkwS |
prakaash |
light |
| pRSn |
prashan |
anxious |
|
| pYrI hwhw |
| pVH |
parhh |
read / educated |
| pVHnw |
parhhnaa |
to read |
| KolH |
kholh |
open ( present tense) |
| mlHm |
malham |
spatula |
|
|
| AiBAws |
aupr ilKy SbdW nMU iDAwn nwl vyKo
Aqy hyTW vwly SbdW dy pYr hwhw jW rwrw joV ky shI kro[
Read the words written above then attach a haahaa and raaraa
to the words below. |
|
pym |
gMQ |
mlm |
koD |
pnwm |
pV |
Kol |
pSn |
|
|
| As can be seen in the above exercise (AiBAws),
some of the accents in Punjabi have a specific effect. The adhak ( ~ ) doubles a
sound, somewhat like the English word little. Here the first syllable ends with a t
, and the second begins with a t . Another way to look at it is
that you first enter the syllable with a t , and then exit with
it, thus repeating the sound. The Punjabi word for dance is a good example. n~c (nachch) , is
pronounced a bit like the first syllable in nachos, but subtly repeating the ch
sound again. Another example is Delhi, pronounced dillee and spelt (id~lI).
Thus it works like coped and copper. The bindee
( N ) and tippee ( M ) also have unique effects. They nasalise specific words. There is
a variation from totally nasalised to a rounded n. The tippee
is almost like a 'un' as in under. It is employed with the Muktaa,
Sihaaree, Aunkarh and Dalainkarhe, as seen in the above
exercise. The bindee works with Laanv, Dulannvan, Bihaaree,
Kannaa, Horahaa and Kanaarhaa. Examine the section related to
these in the exercise above again. |
|
| In the next lesson we'll learn about
the some of the Basic Greetings and the Punjabi Sentence Word Order. |
