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patarkari_100.jpg (3520 bytes)pMjwbI p`qrkwrI dy msly
- sMqoK isMG sMqoK

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sMqoK isMG sMqoK

pMjwbI p`qrkwrI aunIvI sdI dy ipCly A`D qoN SurU hoeI mMnI jWdI hY[ p`qrkwrI dw mu`F Dwrimk qy smwjk lihrW Aqy iesweI imSn dy rUp ivc b`Jw[ 1913 ivc sWnPrwissko (AmrIkw) qoN Cpx vwlw 'ihMdosqwn g`dr' pihlw pMjwbI p`qr sI, ijs dI igxqI l`KW ivc sI[ ies prcy ny smu`cy BwrqIAW ivc AjwdI dI joq jgweI[ ieh prcw pMjwbI dy nwl hI aurdU, ihMdI qy gujrwqI ivc vI CwipAw jWdw sI[ ij`Qy ieh Awm lokW nUM ByijAw jWdw sI aUQy AMgryzI POj ivc BwrqI ispwhI vI ies dy pwTk sn[ Bwrq ivc pMjwbI dw sB qoN purwxw smwcwr p`qr AkwlI p`Rqkw hY jo 1920 qoN lwielpur qoN SurU hoieAw Aqy A`j q`k Cp irhw hY[ eys qrW pMjwbI dw swihqk p`qr pRIqm hY jo 1923 qoN imMtgumrI qoN bdl ky AMimRqsr Aqy ipCoN lwhor ivKy Cpdw irhw Aqy 1947 ipCoN id`lI qoN Cpdw irhw hY[ jmwqI Aqy ienklwbI soc dw DwrnI ikrqI 1927 qoN SurU hoieAw jo ik ikrqI ikswn pwrtI dw bulwrw sI[ swihqk Kyqr ivc 1933 ivc pRIqlVI SurU hoieAw ijs ny swihq Aqy p`qrkwrI ivc nw BulwieAw jwx vwlw Xogdwn pwieAw[

auprokq vyrvw ij`Qy swfI p`qrkwrI dy ivrsy dI inSwndyhI krdw hY aUQy ieh swfy A`j Aqy Biv`K dI vI rUp ryKw aUGwV idMdw hY[ swihq isrP auhI sm`grI huMdI hY ijs ivc isrjxw, klpxw Aqy suhj suAwd vrgy sUKm q`q huMdy hn[ p`qrkwrI ivc SISy dw Aks BwrU huMdw hY, ijs ivc Tos hkIkq, GtnW jW Kbr dy vyrvy huMdy hn[

pMjwbI p`qrkwrI dy msly nUM jwnx leI AsI smwcwr p`qrkwrI Aqy swihqk p`qrkwrI nUM v`K v`K qOr qy ivcwrWgy BwvyN kUJ pwrKU AwKdy hn ik p`qrkwrI Aqy swihq dw irSqw gMjy AwdmI dy m`Qy Aqy isr vrgw hY[ m`Qw ik`Qy Kqm huMdw hY qy isr ikQoN SurU huMdw hY, ieh d`sxw AOKw jwpdw hY[

AzwdI qoN bwAd smwcwr p`qrW iv`c AkwlI p`iqRkw, AjIq, nvW zmwnw AwpxI cwly cldy sn jdik iehnW nUM cnOqI vjoN 1978 ivc SurU hoey pMjwbI trbIaUn Aqy j`g-bwxI[ dyS syvk 1996 qoN AwpxI hwjrI lgvw irhw hY[

Aj dIAW nvIAW kwFW ny ijQy CpweI dw kMm sOKw kIqw hY, a`UQy KbrW dI phuMc ivc PYks rwhIN swrI dunIAW hI iek ipMf vWg jwpdI hY[ swfy ieh swry smwcwr p`qr isrP KbrW q`k hI sImq nhIN hn sgoN iehnW ivc swihqk rcnwvW vI CpdIAW hn[ iehnW dy AYqvwr AYfISn Kws qOr qy swihqk sm`grI Cwpdy hn[ iehnW ivc pMjwbI dy sQwipk Aqy nvyN lyKkW dIAW ilKqW huMdIAW hn[ A`j qoN cwr dhwky pihlW cMgIAW qy imAwrI ilKqW pihlW swihqk rswilAW iv`c hI CpdIAW sn[ auhnW swihqk p`qrW ivc pRIqlVI, pMj dirAw, kivqw, AwrsI qy nwgmxI Kws qOr qy nwmxy vwly p`qr huMdy sn[ auhnW ivc Cpy lyK , khwxIAW qy kivqwvW AwpxI id`K qy soc Anuswr rozwnw smwcwr p`qrW ivc Cpdy sn [ pMjwbI trbIaUn qy j`gbwxI dy Cpx smyN qoN ieh islislw bdl igAw hY[ iehnW AKbwrW ny lyKkW nUM syvw-Pl dyxw SurU krn kwrn sQwipq lyKkW ny vI iehnW smwcwr p`qrW ivc Cpxw SurU kr id`qw[ ies nwl swihqk p`qrW nUM Korw lgxw SurU hoieAw[ ijhnW ivcoN pMj dirAw, kivqw, AwrsI Aqy nwgmxI ie`kIvIN sdI dy cVw qk A`pVdy dm qoV gey[ pRIqlVI Ajy vI Cpdw hY[ pRMqU meI 2004 dI sMpwdkI Anuswr ieh kWgrs srkwr dI dyx Anuswr hI Cpdw hY Aqy eysy kwrn ieh BwrqI dUq-vwsW qoN muPq pRwpq huMdw hY[ gurbKS isMG dI sMpwdnw smyN ies ivc Cpxw mwx smiJAw jWdw sI pr Aj hwlwq ieh bx gey hn ik pRIqlVI ivc vI keI lyK Awid rozwnw smwcwr p`qrW qoN ley gey huMdy hn Aqy bhuq vwrI kivqwvW vI iksy nvIN CpI ikqwb ivcoN huMdIAW hn[ AxCpIAW nvIAW kivqwvW, khwxIAW vI smwcwr p`qrW ivc hI CpdIAW hn[ ies nwl smwcwr p`qrkwrI Aqy swihqk p`qrkwrI gMjy AwdmI dy m`Qy Aqy isr vrgI ho geI hY[ ies nwl nvyN lyKkW nUM jo swihqk p`qrW ivc Cpx leI imhnq krnI pYNdI sI aus qoN injwq imlx kwrn ikqwbW dw koeI imAwr jW tIcw nhI rih igAw[ ies leI hr koeI AwpxI mwVI cMgI ilKq nUM ikqwbI rUp dy ky KuS ho irhw hY [

pMjwb qoN bwhr dI pMjwbI smwcwrW p`qrW dI gl krIey qW pwiksqwnI pMjwb ivc AzwdI qoN bwAd pMjwbI p`qrkwrI Awpxy pYr nhIN jmw skI[ jdik AzwdI qoN pihlW lwhOr smu`cI aurdU qy pMjwbI p`qrkwrI dw gVH huMdw sI [ hUxy ipCly ie`k swl qoN 'BulyKw' Aqy eys swl 'KbrW'' SurU hoieAw hY, ijhnW dI igxqI, id`K Aqy imAwr AMgryzI qy aurdU swhvyN bhuq hI pyqlI hY[

vIhvIN sdI dy dUjy dhwky smyN 'ihMdosqwn g`dr' AmrIkw ivc Cpdw sI[ pMjwb qoN bwhr klk`qy qoN 'dyS drpx' Aqy bMbeI qoN 'rxjIq' smwcwr p`qr Cpdy rhy hn[ eysy qrW Cyvy dhwky ivc ieMglYNf qoN dys pRdys Aqy pMjwb tweImz C`p rhy hn Aqy knyfw qoN ieMfo-knyfIAn tweImz[ ieh smwcwr dy nwl-nwl pihly swlW ivc swihqk ilKqW vI Cwpdy sn jo A`j kl inrol smwcwr p`qr bx gey hn[ vry iCmwhI jdoN koeI Kws AMk k`Fdy hn qW iÍvrlI twvIN koeI swihqk ilKq huMdI hY[ ies K`py nUM pUrx leI kUJ swihqk Xqn hoey jo ik kwmXwb nhIN rhy[ ijvyN 'rcnw' 'sUrj' 'crcw'  'lokqw sMGrS' 'myrI bolI myrw Drm' Aqy 'vqnoN dUr' Awid[

swihqk p`qrkwrI dIAW smisAwvW hor rhIAW hn [ smwcwr p`qrW vWg iehnW dI igxqI nhI vD skI ijs kwrn ieSiqhwr pRwpq krny AOKy ho jWdy hn [ ij`Qy smwcwr p`qrW dI igxqI l`KW ivc phuMc c`ukI hY aUQy swihqk p`qrW dI igxqI kUJ ku hzwrW q`k sImq rhI hY [ swihqk p`qrW dy Cpx ivc iksy nw iksy Adwry dI shwieqw dy isr auhnW dI CpweI huMdI sI[ pRIq lVI Aqy nwgmxI hI iek ivAkqIgq Adwry dy qOr qy Cpdy rhy hn [ jd ik pMj dirAw ihMd pblISr dw, AwrsI nvXu`g dw Aqy 'kivqw' dw Krcw iPlmI dunIAw, loA dw Krcw AmrIk Amn dw snAqI Adwrw pUrw krdy sn [ iehnW qoN ibnW 'Aks' rMgdwr p`qrkwrI swihqk Aqy smwcwr dy ie`k PwrmUly ADIn Awpxy Krcy pUry krdw hY[ auh rMgdwr ieSiqhwr Awrt pypr qy Cwp ky ieSiqhwr-dwiqAW nMU KuS rKdw hY [ ijhnW swhiqk p`qrW ny AwpxI hoNd dw pRBwv C`ifAw hY, auhnW ivc pRIqm, PulvwVI, ikrqI, kvI, pRIq lVI, pMj dirAw, pMjwbI dunIAw, jn swihq, jwgRqI, kOmI eykqw, nvW swihq, pMjwbI fweIjYst, idRStI, cyqnw, iek`qI PrvrI, syD, ivkyNdRq, srdl, rohly bwx, isAwV, dsqwvyz, jIvn swJW, vqnoN dUr, Aks, loA, mMc, smqw, nIlmxI, nIligrI, rcnw, hrkwrw, A`Kr, Ajoky iSlwlyK, Awid hn [

qRYmwisk swihqk p`qrkwrI ivc kw&I imAwrI swihq CipAw hY [ iehnW p`qrW ivcoN sB qoN lMmw smw clx vwlw isrjxw hY [ ies dy nwl qy bwAd iv`c Cpx vwly prcy sMkyq, Alocxw, surqwl, hym jXoqI, lkIr, muhWdrw, mMc, smdrSI, khwxI pMjwb, smkwlI swihq, icrwg, Sbd, pRÍÍvcn Aqy klw isrjk Awid hn [ iehnW ivcoN vI isrjxw, lkIr Aqy smdrSI dy imAwr ny Awpxw is`kw jmwieAw hY [ jd ik bwkI ies dOV ivc srgrm hn [

pwiksqwnI swihqk p`qrW ivc pMj dirAw , lihrW , mW bolI , pMjwbI Adb , pMcm , ieMtrnYSnl, svyrw Aqy vry- vwr swihq Swml hn [ 'lihrW' Cpx pKoN iehnW ivcoN sB qoN v`D Cpdw hY prMqU dUjy prcy imAwrI hox dy bwvjUd igxqI bhuq G`t hY [ jykr BwrqI pricAW nwl auhnW dI qulxw krIey qW auhnW dIAW ilKqW bhuq hlky p`Dr dIAW hn ijvyN ik auh Ajy vI 1947 dy moV qy KVy hox [ hW kdy kdy koeI kivqw jW khwxI au`c pwey dI huMdI hY [ ies sB kUJ dw v`fw kwrn aUQy dw rwj pRbMD hY [ ijs iv`c smyN smyN POjI ifktytrW ny mulk dI s`qw qy hI kbzw nhIN kIqw sgoN ivAkqI AzwdI dw vI Gwx kIqw [ eysy kwrn bVw kUJ rmz BrpUr jW sMkyqk huMdw hY [

vIhvI sdI dy pMjwb ivc kwPI kUJ Dmwky -Kyj huMdw irhw hY [ ijs nwl smyN smyN isAwsI lihrW pYdw huMdIAW hn[ sB qoN pihlW gdr pwrtI, aus qoN bwAd AkwlI Aqy b`br AkwlI, ikrqI ikswn lihr, Bgq isMG horW dI nOjuAwn soSilst sBw, nyvI Aqy POj dI bgwvq AzwdI smyN pMjwb dI vMf, AzwdI dy moh BMg qoN bwAd nkslbwVI lihr, ieMdrw gWDI dI AYmrjYNsI, KwlsqwnI lihr, 1984 iv`c hirmMdr swihb qy hmlw Aqy ausy swl nvMbr iv`c is`KW dI mwr DwV Aqy kqlo gwrq Swml hY[ AzwdI qoN pihlW smu`cw pMjwb ipSwvr qoN lY ky id`lI dIAW kMDW q`k sI[ pihlW AzwdI smyN dI pMjwb vMf , Pyr BwrqI pMjwb iv`coN hirAwxW qy ihmwcl mnPI[ auprokq swrIAW hI GtnwvW qy siQiqIAW ny pMjwbI p`qrkwrI Aqy pMjwbI swihq au`qy AwpxI iv`q Anuswr Asr kIqw hY[ swfy hirAwxy Aqy ihmwcl vWg hI p`CmI pMjwb iv`c srwiekI Aqy ihMdko dI v`KvwdI Awvwz au`TdI rihMdI hY[

srmweydwrI ny eys sdI iv`c jo nIqIAW ApxweIAW auhnW ny mulkW nUM vMfx dI nIqI ApxweI[ ijs Anuswr, d`KxI Aqy au`qrI korIAw, d`KxI Aqy au`qrI vIqnwm , d`KxI Aqy au`qrI AwierlYNf, pUrbI Aqy p`CmI jrmnI Aqy Bwrq iv`c bMgwl Aqy pMjwb[ vIqnwm Aqy jrmnI mUV ky ie`k mulk bx gey hn[ AwierlYNf dy ie`k hox dI g`l c`l rhI hY[ bMgwl nUM AMgryzW ny ie`k vyr pihlW vI vMifAw sI pr lokW dy iek`T Aqy roh ny aus nUM iek`Tw krvwieAw sI[ bMgwl pMjwb nwloN eys krky vI A`gy hY ik au`Qy mzhbW dI vMf qW hY pr bolI dI vMf nhIN[ eysy kwrx hI rwibMdr nwQ tYgor AYsw kvI hY ijs dy gIq Bwrq Aqy bMglwdyS dy kOmI qrwny dy qOr qy gwey jWdy hn[ auprokq siQqI Aqy sQwn nUM vyrvy nwl ilKx dw myrw Bwv ieho hY ik vIhvIN sdI pMjwb nUM vMfx qy iÍvKyrx dI rhI hY[ eysy kwrx hI pMjwbI p`qrkwrI qy sMkt dy pRRBwv spSt idsdy hn[

auprokq ivcwr krn qoN spSt huMdw hY ik jo smy smy pMjwbI sbMDI pMjwb Aqy sYNtr srkwr dIAW nIqIAW kMm krdIAW hn auhnW dw pRBwv pMjwbI bolI qy pYNdw hY[ pMjwbI bolI nUM ilKx sbMDI jo mzhb dw ivKryvW hY aus ny vI ies nUM ivKyrn iv`c Xogdwn pwieAw[ muslmwn SwhmuKI il`pI ApxwauNdy hn[ ihMdU ihMdI dw hyj pwldy hn[ is`K gurmuKI il`pI ApxwauNdy hn[ pwiksqwn iv`c pMjwbI dI mUFlI pVweI dw koeI pRbMD nhIN[ jy Bwrq iv`c pMjwbI A`gy pVweI jWdI sI auh vI AkwlI srkwr smyN qoqw isMG dy hukm Anuswr pihlI jmwq qoN AMgryzI lwgU krky pMjwbI b`icAW dy Biv`K nUM Kqry iv`c pwieAw hY[ hirAwxw Aqy ihmwcl A`gy hI pMjwbI iqAwg cu`ky hn[ sgoN auh qW pMjwbI nUM dUjI QW vI mMnx nUM iqAwr nhIN hn[

jy dyiKAw jwvy swfIAW dysI tI vI cYnlW Aqy dysI ryfIE dy ijhVy drSk Aqy sroqy hn, auhnW dI igxqI l`KW iv`c bxdI hY[ auhnW iv`c muslmwn, ihMdU is`K sB AwauNdy hn[ pMjwbI BMgVw AMgryzI klcr qy gIq sMgIq dw AMg bxdw jw irhw hY[ eysy kwrn gwixAW qy BMgVy dIAW kYstW nUM nw h`dW rok skdIAW hn Aqy nw hI mzhbI ivKryvyN[ ies sB kwsy dw Aks pMjwbI p`qrkwrI iv`c nhIN hY[ ieh hI pMjwbI p`qrkwrI dw sMkt hY[

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